Figures and Diagrams
APES Review Sheets
based on Miller's 11th Edition of Living in the Environment from Ben Smith, Palo Verdes High School
Know "Parts of", "Dynamics and Processes of", "Significance of", AND be able to explain each of the following:

Figure/Table	Page
		Title
1-6	8	Some characteristics of developed and developing countries in 1998.
1-11	11	Major types of material resources
1-14	14	Examples of how some of the earth's natural resources that support all life and all economies are being assaulted...
1-18, 1-19	21	1-18 Simplified model of how three factors-population, affluence, and technology- affect the environment. 1-19 Environmental impact of developing countries.
3-11	65	Composition by weight of the earth's crust.
3-18	73	Nuclear Chain Reaction
3-20	75	Second Law of Energy
4-7	86	Conceptual model of the flow of energy to and from the earth.
4-12	91	Range of tolerance for a population of organisms to an abiotic factor-in this case temperature.
4-16	95	Model of Food Chain
4-19	98	Generalized pyramid of energy flow, showing the decrease in usable energy at each succeeding trophic level...
4-21, 4-22	99	4-21 Generalizing graphs of biomass of organisms in the various trophic levels of two ecosystems. 4-22 Generalized graphs of numbers of organisms in various trophic levels for two ecosystems.
4-23	100	Three years of satellite data on the earth's gross primary productivity.
4-24	101	Average net Primary Productivity
5-3	111	Storehouses of Elemental Nutrients
5-4	112	Hydrologic Cycle
5-5	114	Carbon Cycle
5-6	117	Nitrogen Cycle
5-8	119	Phosphorus Cycle
5-9	121	Sulfur Cycle
5-10	122	Rock Cycle
5-13	124	Soil Horizon
5-16	127	Soil Profiles
5-18	129	The pH Scale
6-9	144	Ways Natural Selection Can Occur
7-4	160	Formation of Surface Winds
7-8	163	Normal surface winds blowing westward cause shore upwelling of cold nutrient-rich bottom water.
8-4	190	Major life zones in the ocean.
8-12	199	The distinct zones of life in a temperate-zone lake.
8-15	202	The three zones in the downhill flow of water.
9-1	227	Ecosystem Characteristics at Immature and Mature Stages of Succession
10-3	237	Growth and Decrease Factors for Populations
10-5	239	A logistic growth of a sheep population on the island of Tasmania between 1800-1925.
10-7	241	r and K-Strategists
11-6	256	The total fertility rates in 1998.
11-13	261	Generalized population age structure diagrams for countries with rapid, slow, zero, and negative population growth.
11-20	271	Generalized model of the demographic transition that may take place as countries become more industrialized.
12-7	284	Efficiency of Converting Grain to Animal Protein
13-2	312	The planets water budget.
13-5, 13-6	314	13-5Water withdrawal by use and region. 13-6 Use of water in the United States and China
13-18	329	Major irrigation systems
15-4,5	369	15-14 Shifts in the use of commercial energy resources in the United States. 15-15Net energy rations for various energy systems.
15-16	382	Coal gasification
15-17	383	Light-water-moderate and -cooled nuclear power plant with a pressurized water reactor.
15-21	391	Fluidized-bed combustion of coal.
16-3	398	Energy efficiency of some common types of energy conversion.
16-6	402	Real Price of Gasoline in 1993 dollars
16-10	406	Net energy efficiencies for various ways to heat an enclosed area such as a house.
Table 16-2	428	Evaluation of energy alternatives for the United States.
16-23	430	Suggestions for a Sustainable Energy future
17-2	449	World's Eight Most Deadly Infectious Diseases
17-13	459	Comparative Risk Analysis
18-3	474	Sources and types of air pollutants.
Table 18-2	475	Major classes of air pollutants
18-4	476	Suspended particulate matter consists of particles of solid matter and droplets of liquid that are small and light...
18-5	477	Simplified scheme of the formation of photochemical smog.
18-7	479	Acid deposition, which consists of rain, snow, dust, or gas with a pH lower the 5.6, is commonly called acid rain
18-9	481	Possible or suspected harmful effects of prolonged exposure to an atmospheric cocktail of air pollutants on trees.
18-14, 18-15	493	18-14 Solutions: Methods for reducing emissions of sulfur dioxides...18-15 Solutions: Four commonly used methods for removing particles from the exhaust gases of electric power and industrial plants.
19-2	500	Increase in average concentrations of major greenhouse gases in the troposphere.
19-4	502	Estimated long-term variations in mean global surface temperature and average tropospheric carbon dioxide levels...
19-5	502	Changes in Global Temperature
19-7	506	Oceanic loop that warms Europe
19-9	516	Solutions: Methods for slowing possible greenhouse warming.
19-10	518	Solutions: Ways to prepare for the possible long-term effects of global warming.
19-11	519	Generalized schematic of ozone depletion and models of its possible effects.
19-13	521	Seasonal thinning or loss of ozone in the upper stratosphere over Antarctica as measured by a satellite.
Table	525	CFC Substitutes
Table 19-1	525	CFC Substitutes
20-3	535	Water quality and dissolved oxygen contents in parts per million.
20-4	536	Dilution and decay of degradable, oxygen-demanding wastes and heat,, showing the oxygen sag curve.
20-5	537	Biological magnification of PCB's in the aquatic food chain in the Great Lakes.
20-6	540	Principle sources of nutrient overload causing cultural eutrophication in lakes.
20-11	552	Primary and secondary sewage treatment.
20-13	555	Groundwater Contamination
Table 21-1	564	Major Types of Pesticides
22-2	580	Sources of the estimated 10 billion (11 billion tons) metric tones of solid waste produced each year in the United States.
22-1	580	Sources of Solid Waste
22-6	585	Alternatives to Common Household Chemicals
22-7	593	How Plastics are Made
22-9	595	Waste to Energy incinerator
22-10	597	Sanitary Landfill
23-3	612	Increase role of Federal government in resource management
23-7 & 8	616	Important Environmental Events
	619	Public Lands in the U.S.
23-19	637	Wilderness Areas by Continents and Countries
24-2	644	Estimated annual rates of deforestation.
24-3	645	Some of the many useful products obtained from trees.
24-3	645	Uses of Trees
24-19	662	Tree-Harvesting Methods
25-3	685	Some Extinct Species due to Man
25-4	686	Endangered or Threatened Species
25-1	688	Characteristics of Extinction prone Species
25-12	696	Major Commercial Fishing Methods
T25-2	701	Damage due to non-Native Plants
26-2, 3	722	Urbanization by Country and Largest Cities
26-7	726	Models of Urban Sprawl
A9		Major US Resource Conservation and Environmental legislation